Total Synthesis
Total Synthesis
  • Видео 34
  • Просмотров 2 075 193
Why The World’s First Drugs Ate Your Butt Cheeks and Turned You Blue
💉 Whether we like it or not, drugs are a fundamental part of our modern world. But what were "early drugs" like, back in the day? At some point, we clearly moved from drilling holes in people's skulls, to using synthetic molecules as medicines. In this video, we will walk through the history, science and chemistry of some of the early advances.
If you want to fully appreciate the content of upcoming videos on (shocking) history of cancer treatments and modern chemotherapies, you should pay attention!
00:00 Early drugs were CRAZY
00:36 Dubious ancient methods: Mummies?!
01:43 Paul Ehrlich: Stains paving the way of discovery
02:59 Advent of chemotherapy and magic bullets: Methylene blue
03:36 Syn...
Просмотров: 26 132

Видео

This Drug Synthesis is Literally Breathtaking | Medicinal Chemistry & Organic Synthesis
Просмотров 31 тыс.2 месяца назад
This molecule might look like any other 'flat drug' - but there's a mystery hidden behind its synthesis! Coupled with the fact that it showed promise in asthma due to its novel mechanism, you could say that it's breath-taking (actually more like breath-giving, but I figured no one will understand this). Watch this video to learn more about organic synthesis, drug development and more! 00:00 A b...
Epic First Cocaine Synthesis in 25 Steps (Educational)
Просмотров 105 тыс.3 месяца назад
Cocaine is intertwined with the fabric of society and science in more profound ways than most realize. Join us to hear about 1) current data on cocaine use, 2) history and discovery of cocaine, 3) the first landmark total synthesis of cocaine by Richard Wilstätter, and 4) other evolutions of (bio)chemical synthesis (Robinson, Noyori). Note that we do not cover biological origins, isolation or o...
How E2 Elimination Reactions Work (Animation) | Mechanism & Orbitals | Organic Chemistry
Просмотров 3,4 тыс.3 месяца назад
👀 This video explains E2 eliminations: basics of geometries, orbitals, selectivities... www.patreon.com/totalsynthesis 🚀 Thanks to all channel supporters!!! totalsynthesis_official 👉 Follow me on Instagram for updates on random research, chemistry problems and interesting news! total-synthesis.com 00:00 E2 elimination basics and orbitals 01:14 Ask yourself these questions 01:31 L...
How Chemists Make Carbon 2+ (Octet Rule: Violated) | Organic Chemistry & Synthesis
Просмотров 8 тыс.5 месяцев назад
Yep, you're looking at a carbon with four valence electrons. How can such an unfavorable species be synthesized, how is it stabilized, and how does it behave? Watch this video to learn exotic chemical reactions and unique properties and geometries - which you likely have never seen before! www.patreon.com/totalsynthesis 🚀 Thanks to all channel supporters!!! totalsynthesis_official...
How SN2 Reactions Look Like (Animation) | Organic Chemistry Substitution Mechanism
Просмотров 4,4 тыс.5 месяцев назад
👀 Let's take a "more visual look" (is that a pleonasm?) at SN2 reactions, geometries and molecular structures. www.patreon.com/totalsynthesis 🚀 Thanks to all channel supporters!!! totalsynthesis_official 👉 Follow me on Instagram for updates on random research, mechanism quizzes and interesting news! total-synthesis.com 00:00 Classic SN2 reaction (Williamson ether synthesis) 02:14...
Why "Horror Drugs" Sold for Billions After the Tragedy (Science of Thalidomide)
Просмотров 10 тыс.6 месяцев назад
👶 You are wrong if you think that the thalidomide tragedy put an end to this molecule. Scientifically - with all due respect to harmed individuals - this molecule proved to be incredibly innovative, unlocking a completely new mechanism of action of "therapeutic glues". ❓ What is thalidomide? Why is one enantiomer safe and the other is not? In this video, we uncover the history, chemistry, biolo...
Obesity Drug "Tricks" Your Body Into Burning Fat? Exercise Mimetics Science
Просмотров 7 тыс.7 месяцев назад
👀 Do you want to get fit without dieting or exercising by tricking your body? This sounds like sci-fi, or like a scammy ad for a fat burning supplement. However, given recent advances in exercise mimetics and strong momentum behind treating obesity pharmacologically (most notably, semaglutide - Ozempic/Wegovy and tirzepatide - Mounjaro/Zepbound), this idea could reality sooner than some expect....
Extreme Diels-Alder Reactions Your Chemistry Teacher Warned You About
Просмотров 9 тыс.8 месяцев назад
🧠 Remember your chemistry introduction to Diels-Alder reactions? At that time, these extreme reactions would have been beyond your wildest imagination. If you want to learn some unique aspects to one of the most versatile and robust reactions known to chemists, check out this video! We will focus on two natural product total syntheses, covering basic organic chemistry and advanced synthesis. ww...
Ibogaine Synthesis & How It Might Solve the Opioid Crisis / Treat Addiction | Psychedelic Science
Просмотров 25 тыс.9 месяцев назад
To try everything Brilliant has to offer-free-for a full 30 days, visit brilliant.org/TotalSynthesis/. The first 200 of you will get 20% off Brilliant’s annual premium subscription. If you this is you 🤓 and you like the video, consider commenting, sharing it with a fellow nerd, and subscribing to the channel so you do not miss future videos! www.patreon.com/totalsynthesis 🚀 Thanks to all channe...
The Disturbing Truth About New Medicines: Are They Really Better? (Pharmaceutical Chemistry)
Просмотров 5 тыс.10 месяцев назад
🤑 Are newly approved drugs indeed therapeutically superior to already existing medicines? Does their pricing reflect their benefit? Are drugs with breakthrough designations and accelerated approvals actually more impactful than normal therapeutics? Watch this video to learn about these elements and more! Please drop a like and comment to support the video's visibility, activate notifications an...
World’s Most EXPENSIVE Medicines: Greedy or Fair? What Makes them Special? (Gene Therapy, Chemistry)
Просмотров 16 тыс.11 месяцев назад
To try everything Brilliant has to offer-free-for a full 30 days, visit brilliant.org/TotalSynthesis/. The first 200 of you will get 20% off Brilliant’s annual premium subscription. 🤑 Imagine a single dose of medicine priced at $3.5 MILLION. Since the approval of the gene therapy Hemgenix , this is a reality. How can this be fair? Stay tuned to better understand the costs and risks of drug deve...
Psilocybin Synthesis in 4 Steps & How Magic Mushrooms Rewire Brain Networks (Psychedelic Science)
Просмотров 388 тыс.Год назад
🍄 Psilocybin is emerging as a promising "therapeutic psychedelic" across various different conditions and diseases. What is the buzz about, and how does psilocybin work? In this video, we dive into psilocybin's rich history, chemical structure and biochemical mechanism of action. This includes striking effects like dendritogenesis and synaptic rewiring in mice. We will review a large scale synt...
Genius CUBANE Synthesis by Nobel Laureate & Overpriced Drugs | Organic Chemistry (MacMillan)
Просмотров 18 тыс.Год назад
Genius CUBANE Synthesis by Nobel Laureate & Overpriced Drugs | Organic Chemistry (MacMillan)
Organic Chemistry Masterclass: Insanely complex neuroprotective Illisimonin A (+reaction mechanisms)
Просмотров 11 тыс.Год назад
Organic Chemistry Masterclass: Insanely complex neuroprotective Illisimonin A ( reaction mechanisms)
MDMA synthesis in 3 steps & how it could help PTSD therapy (educational) | Chemistry & Science
Просмотров 156 тыс.Год назад
MDMA synthesis in 3 steps & how it could help PTSD therapy (educational) | Chemistry & Science
This Cursed Molecule Will Teach You About Aromaticity | Pagodane & dodecahedrane synthesis chemistry
Просмотров 9 тыс.Год назад
This Cursed Molecule Will Teach You About Aromaticity | Pagodane & dodecahedrane synthesis chemistry
Explosive & Strained Molecular Cubes: Azahomocubane: Organic Chemistry Cubane Synthesis & Mechanisms
Просмотров 11 тыс.Год назад
Explosive & Strained Molecular Cubes: Azahomocubane: Organic Chemistry Cubane Synthesis & Mechanisms
LSD Synthesis in 7 Steps (Educational) | Lysergic acid, organic chemistry, reaction mechanisms
Просмотров 558 тыс.Год назад
LSD Synthesis in 7 Steps (Educational) | Lysergic acid, organic chemistry, reaction mechanisms
How chemists create SUPER-FULLERENE / GRAPHULLERENE | Organic Chemistry Physical Chemistry Materials
Просмотров 12 тыс.Год назад
How chemists create SUPER-FULLERENE / GRAPHULLERENE | Organic Chemistry Physical Chemistry Materials
Advanced Organic Chemistry: Total Synthesis of Gibberelins, Retrosynthesis, Mechanisms
Просмотров 7 тыс.Год назад
Advanced Organic Chemistry: Total Synthesis of Gibberelins, Retrosynthesis, Mechanisms
How chemists create "SUPERBENZENE" (Kekulene) | Organic chemistry, synthesis & reaction mechanisms
Просмотров 101 тыс.Год назад
How chemists create "SUPERBENZENE" (Kekulene) | Organic chemistry, synthesis & reaction mechanisms
How "Heavy Hydrogen" makes Drugs work: Deuterium in Pharmaceuticals, Organic Chemistry & Synthesis
Просмотров 29 тыс.Год назад
How "Heavy Hydrogen" makes Drugs work: Deuterium in Pharmaceuticals, Organic Chemistry & Synthesis
How scientists discover new drugs against viruses: Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design (Hepatitis C)
Просмотров 23 тыс.2 года назад
How scientists discover new drugs against viruses: Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design (Hepatitis C)
Exotic Sources of Cancer Medicines: Total Synthesis of Glionitrin Natural Products (Organic Chem)
Просмотров 17 тыс.2 года назад
Exotic Sources of Cancer Medicines: Total Synthesis of Glionitrin Natural Products (Organic Chem)
How one of Nature's Most Complex Molecules Is Made: Synthesis of Taxol's "Complicated Cousin"
Просмотров 30 тыс.2 года назад
How one of Nature's Most Complex Molecules Is Made: Synthesis of Taxol's "Complicated Cousin"
Organic Chemistry Explained: Total Synthesis of Anti-Cancer Ginkgo Tree Molecule Bilobalide (Corey)
Просмотров 28 тыс.3 года назад
Organic Chemistry Explained: Total Synthesis of Anti-Cancer Ginkgo Tree Molecule Bilobalide (Corey)
This is what peak Organic Chemistry looks like | Retrosynthesis & Modern Total Synthesis
Просмотров 78 тыс.4 года назад
This is what peak Organic Chemistry looks like | Retrosynthesis & Modern Total Synthesis
Legal High from Moss better than Medical Cannabis? THC & CBD Biology, Chemistry & Synthesis
Просмотров 40 тыс.5 лет назад
Legal High from Moss better than Medical Cannabis? THC & CBD Biology, Chemistry & Synthesis
Organic Chemistry Walkthrough Steroid Total Synthesis: Equilenin, Retrosynthesis, Reaction Mechanism
Просмотров 17 тыс.6 лет назад
Organic Chemistry Walkthrough Steroid Total Synthesis: Equilenin, Retrosynthesis, Reaction Mechanism

Комментарии

  • @evanhughes3232
    @evanhughes3232 4 часа назад

    Your videos are much more in depth and informative than most of the other creators out there. Liked and subscribed 🤌

  • @Joe-po9xn
    @Joe-po9xn 2 дня назад

    I’m sorry…….what?

  • @Budabaii
    @Budabaii 3 дня назад

    Chemistry is fucking wild. It’s astonishing that people learned how to do stuff like this.

  • @roydunn2865
    @roydunn2865 3 дня назад

    Thanks,this fills in the gap in my knowledge on why we test our chemicals with color. Algarsamy didn't make it clear to me. Could you do some vids on mordant black, napththol green, methyl red, etc..

  • @crabcrab2024
    @crabcrab2024 4 дня назад

    In future it would be nice to limit the discussion to chemistry, biology and history. Social, medical, judicial and other unrelated problems don’t (and, IMHO, shouldn’t) constitute the subject of this channel.

    • @totalsynthesis
      @totalsynthesis 4 дня назад

      In that case you will have to skip some sections in future because I will keep broader information in!

    • @crabcrab2024
      @crabcrab2024 3 дня назад

      @@totalsynthesis Maybe I will, at least sometimes. 🙂

  • @badza7247
    @badza7247 4 дня назад

    Hi, i'm a big fan. I wanted to ask (because your videos always humble me and I question myself if I even know chem.) If I wanted to learn ochem to a level where I could understand and research similar things like you, or solving some problems from Icho without being clueless, where should I start and how do I expand from there speaking from your experience

    • @totalsynthesis
      @totalsynthesis 4 дня назад

      Hey there! First of all, thanks so much for being a fan and watching my stuff :) My experience is "unfortunately just academic" - so I went through things over many years and read a bunch of books (eg for total synthesis, Nicolaous series). The time and repetition are really what deepen your understanding. At what point are you at now, which topics in particular do you want to learn more about? I might then give you some more specific suggestions Btw, I am working on a written exercise book for chemistry that might be helpful for folks like you or students - in the future (its taking me forever as Im over 100 pages). Are there any specidic topics from your experience that are not well explained in school of elsewhere?

    • @badza7247
      @badza7247 3 дня назад

      @@totalsynthesis hi, thanks for a response, since I have a lot of free time I was planning to relearn ochem because I was introduced to this subject in hs and I liked it, but it missed the point of why and how. So generally 1)I'd like some textbook suggestions to reintroduce me to ochem from beginning again(clayden is often recommended), and after that some "rigorous" ones which I can connect onto that will give me intuition(eg some compound is end result predict compounds A B which are reactants or alike for that reaction). I say rigorous because I don't really know what next step in studying ochem is after getting basics right. 2)I'd also like some problem oriented book in that regard, since im planning to enter hs chem competition and maybe qualify for icho if I sharpen other branches of chemistry too(problems that don't req. calculus). Thanks for taking time to respond, I appreciate that.

    • @totalsynthesis
      @totalsynthesis 2 дня назад

      @@badza7247 Clayden is the one I used most so I can also recommend. It's pretty long so it covers the basics well. Another popular one is "Organic Chemistry As a Second Language". More advanced and problem-oriented are are "The Art of Writing Reasonable Organic Reaction Mechanisms" by Grossman and "Organic Synthesis: The Disconnection Approach" by Warren and Wyatt. For understanding the science behind complex synthesis, "The Logic of Chemical Synthesis" by Corey

  • @user-vi2mj5uy7r
    @user-vi2mj5uy7r 5 дней назад

    7:50

  • @brettmoore3194
    @brettmoore3194 5 дней назад

    I would prefer the natural isolation if i was going to ingest🎉

  • @Mekelaina
    @Mekelaina 6 дней назад

    "you could probably predict the process" Me, trying to remember high school chemistry: "sure pal"

  • @kjellkriminell372
    @kjellkriminell372 6 дней назад

    at 2:23 "Methamphetamines (i.e. Adderall)" smh

  • @anonuser260
    @anonuser260 8 дней назад

    I love the thumbnail

  • @615notwxusti
    @615notwxusti 8 дней назад

    100% swiss guy

  • @zacharysilas7585
    @zacharysilas7585 8 дней назад

    Someone please help me if BASF is the largest producer (by revenue). Then why does China export 3x as much? China: $141.3 billion (18.4% of total chemical exports) United States: $67.9 billion (8.8%) Germany: $49.5 billion (6.4%) Ireland: $48.5 billion (6.3%) Korea: $40.4 billion (5.2%) Belgium: $38 billion (4.9%) Switzerland: $31.8 billion (4.1%) Netherlands: $31.1 billion (4%) What is Germany doing with more drugs than China if it is not exporting it? Would they be massing it, or is that by revenue and not the same as actual production? Please clarify, thanks! Also, would that include Chinas black market fent/ice?

    • @totalsynthesis
      @totalsynthesis 7 дней назад

      www.statista.com/statistics/272704/top-10-chemical-companies-worldwide-based-on-revenue/

  • @christopher-george
    @christopher-george 9 дней назад

    Very interesting video my Deutsch or Swiss brother !

  • @-r-495
    @-r-495 10 дней назад

    Jummy jummy mummy in my tummy!

  • @denverwilson428
    @denverwilson428 11 дней назад

    Im highly interested in non-hallucinogenic varieties of LSD. I had spent a good bit of time earlier in my life doing a lot of microdosing and it helped tremendously. I would like to see how well similar chemicals could be made to produce beneficial results, just without the actual trip part. I do know they are testing bromo LSD in Canada at the moment for depression and anxiety I believe. It'd probably do especially well for drug addiction being that depression and anxiety go hand in hand with withdrawal.

  • @Peator2
    @Peator2 11 дней назад

    what is the polar part of the inhibitor some stuff is not clear

  • @tufsoft1
    @tufsoft1 12 дней назад

    hmmm, as a non chemist I was hoping more for something like take a teabag and add Domestos

  • @Heisenberg-35
    @Heisenberg-35 12 дней назад

    Psychedelics are just an amazing discovery. It's quite fascinating how effective they are for depression and stress..saved my life.

  • @kyriakosfan8949
    @kyriakosfan8949 12 дней назад

    So why NaBH4 did not reduce that ketone? Thx

    • @totalsynthesis
      @totalsynthesis 12 дней назад

      The aldehyde is more electrophilic and reactive, so by using just one equivalent of NaBH4, the ketone is not reduced in significant quantities!

    • @kyriakosfan8949
      @kyriakosfan8949 12 дней назад

      @@totalsynthesis thanks! That makes sense.

  • @randomroughneck1030
    @randomroughneck1030 12 дней назад

    now you should make the obvious sequel of how to synthesize 2cb since shulgin said to always take mdma and 2cb together

  • @gregjackson4117
    @gregjackson4117 13 дней назад

    My friend Catherine was one of the publishers of the paper you sited in this synthesis. She is one of the most intelligent people I have ever met.

  • @quint3ssent1a
    @quint3ssent1a 14 дней назад

    Holy shit, that picture with 64% methemoglobinemia patient with cyanotic tongue looked remarkably like a corpse.

  • @dinadaughtry8993
    @dinadaughtry8993 15 дней назад

    I know from experience that magic mushrooms are greatly beneficial for migraines, two or three trips can reduce or eliminate the migraines altogether

  • @23ADJ93
    @23ADJ93 18 дней назад

    I have friends that use methylene blue for cognitive effects lol

  • @aryanprivilege9651
    @aryanprivilege9651 18 дней назад

    University example is same loans drive up the cost by incredibly profitable debt, like home or car or health, you work a life away for debt and wages and work in wealth is stolen never been so wealthy yet a few have more than balance of all. All equal but some much more so, what foolishness. A handful own Ann other invent solve problems. Who else but a Germanic tribe would solve the dilemma. Still the path abs way is known, stand don’t bow in vote to submission of fate, be cut down.

  • @laserhobbyist9751
    @laserhobbyist9751 19 дней назад

    Methylene Blue when taken orally does no such thing, this is also the first time I've seen these kinds of statements against the injected form.

  • @jerga2002
    @jerga2002 19 дней назад

    You should do a tutorial please

  • @AModerateHue
    @AModerateHue 20 дней назад

    Nice work, as always ^^

  • @OmegaPaladin144
    @OmegaPaladin144 20 дней назад

    Welcome to the RUclips graduate student seminar! I'm a biochemist with a decent organic background, and this teaches me so much. That gold-catalyzed cyclization with a cyclopropane & alkyne made my jaw drop.

  • @samlazar1053
    @samlazar1053 20 дней назад

    Addiction = mailfunction of the reward system

  • @gotnopee
    @gotnopee 20 дней назад

    so i know this isnt exactly what this episode is about, but it reminded me of my amazing cousin mikey he had hemophilia a and i just was going to ask if you would do a video that involves it in anyway whether its about it or something else... thanks man i appreciate you . rest in peace mikey i love u bubba

    • @totalsynthesis
      @totalsynthesis 13 дней назад

      Thanks for your comment - may Mikey rest in peace

  • @DeeneMuada
    @DeeneMuada 21 день назад

    chemo therapy is not modern.

    • @totalsynthesis
      @totalsynthesis 21 день назад

      True, although still extremely commonly used and I was thinking about modern applications like antibody-drug conjugates (which one of my future videos will be about)

  • @drwizard2875
    @drwizard2875 22 дня назад

    Can u make cubic graphite

  • @theWinterWalker
    @theWinterWalker 22 дня назад

    I dunno if drug scientists are aware, but it's THE hallucination that drive behavior change in psychedelics. Thank you for coming to my Ted talk.

  • @vrk3337
    @vrk3337 22 дня назад

    This looks like another LLM-generated video.

  • @chemistryscuriosities
    @chemistryscuriosities 23 дня назад

    Great video! Could you explain what is happening in the reaction between methylene blue and a solution of sodium perchlorate? Why does it seem to be reducing it?

  • @OmegaPaladin144
    @OmegaPaladin144 24 дня назад

    Dinithrogen tetroxide in isopentane was bad enough, but that ozonolysis? Wow... Awesome video! You should talk about the synthesis of hexanitrohexazaisowyrtzitate, aka CL-20

    • @totalsynthesis
      @totalsynthesis 24 дня назад

      Thank you! Yeah that thing is awesome 😂

  • @annunacky4463
    @annunacky4463 24 дня назад

    My grandfather mixed old motor oil with sulfur powder to treat his hunting hounds for skin problems…

    • @totalsynthesis
      @totalsynthesis 23 дня назад

      Hardcore

    • @annunacky4463
      @annunacky4463 23 дня назад

      @@totalsynthesis Must have worked, or he wouldn’t have done it. He loved those dogs more than mankind, and now I’m starting to feel like that also…lol. I’m an analytical chemist BTW. Maybe he inspired me!

  • @jonathanpoole5316
    @jonathanpoole5316 24 дня назад

    On the Wikipedia entry for MDMA it claims that Merck were developing it before WW1 for use on the battlefield as a coagulant, ie, if your leg was blown off the medic would apply MDMA to staunch the flow. This is the effect of MDMA in the presence of Oxygen according to Wikipedia. Rather interestingly, the article about Methcathinone states that when administered internally via the digestive system, that is, anaerobically, after the hydrochloride salt protects the alkaloid's passage through the stomach, MDMA becomes the best antagonist for platelets. So according to Wikipedia in aerobic conditions it causes clotting and in anaerobic it prevents clotting. Are you saying that all of this information on Wikipedia is false? I discovered MDMA in a catalogue of chemical ligands, unfortunately I am unable to cite the reference. What the catalogue does not say is that MDMA is the chemical ligand for G-Proteins in the human body and if any researchers read this and are interested I can prove it. The MDMA is probably manufactured by the mitochondria in the peroxidase reaction alongside Magnesium on cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate which is why it's effective against physical and psychological trauma. My health care provider is unable to detect barely any Cortisol in my body because I suffered so much trauma and stress my body no longer makes the chemical ligand which makes it detectable. If I supplement hydrocortisone I get Cushing's Immediately, so the cortisol is there. Apart from being the chemical ligand for G-Proteins MDMA has a number of essential roles in the human body. First and foremost it represents half of a safety signal in cellular metabolism. The arrival of MDMA signals that it's safe to proceed. If my hunch is correct, MDMA either creates or has the same effect as Technetium, the lightest radioactive isotope, both of which are active for exactly 6 hours. During this time the Technetium or its chemical proxy effect from the MDMA will stop you rusting (the same as it's use in nuclear power stations). Finally, if you subtract the atoms which make Niacin from those which make MDMA the net quantity you are left with are exactly sufficient to make Piperine. Both of them are involved in the role of the immune system and your wellbeing. MDMA is directly involved in water management as proved by the most important entry in Sasha's book PIKHAL discussing the inactive compound MADAM-6, which is methylated (& therefore waterproofed) at the 4 o'clock position on the benzene ring. This proves the role in water management and identifies the active site. This may suggest that perceived "depression" with constant crying may be a water management problem with lachrymal exocrine action actually protecting from damage caused by excessive hydrocephalus and also explains why more car crashes occur due to MDMA consumption (as the drop in interracial pressure affects the pressure in the eyes and thus width perception).

  • @Abdega
    @Abdega 24 дня назад

    22:08 “different cycloarsine rings” Could you say they are… *_As-holes?_*

  • @Akio33342
    @Akio33342 25 дней назад

    Bro I feel that “$0.10 an hour” 😂😂